canadian inflation rose in may, surprising markets

Inflation unexpectedly rose in May, disappointing the Bank of Canada as it deliberates the possibility of another rate cut next month.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 2.9% in May from a year ago, up from a 2.7% reading in April. This increase primarily reflects higher prices for services and, to a lesser extent, food. According to a Bloomberg survey, economists had expected 2.6% inflation last month.

Cellular services, travel tours, rent, and air transportation boosted service prices by 4.6% year-over-year (y/y) in May, up sharply from the 4.2% rise in April. Price growth for goods remained at 1%, although grocery prices rose more rapidly.

Monthly, the CPI index climbed 0.6% compared to expectations for a 0.3% gain and up from 0.5% in April. On a seasonally adjusted basis,  inflation rose 0.3%.

The Bank of Canada’s preferred measures of core inflation, the trim and median core rates, exclude the more volatile price movements to assess the level of underlying inflation. The CPI trim accelerated to 2.9% in May, following a downwardly revised 2.8% rise the previous month. The CPI median rose two ticks to 2.8%. Both measures of core inflation surprised economists on the high side.

Shelter costs have been a massive component of inflation this cycle. In May, rent rose a whopping 0.9%, lifting the yearly rise to 8.9% y/y, the second largest contributor to annual inflation. The single most significant inflation driver–mortgage interest costs–ticked down a bit to 0.8% m/m, reducing the yearly pace to 23.3%. It peaked above 30% last year. Excluding shelter, inflation is rising 1.5% y/y, up from 1.2% last month.

Bottom Line

Today’s inflation reading was undoubtedly a disappointment for the Bank of Canada, and it reduces the chances of another rate cut when they meet again on July 24. However, the June inflation data will be released on July 16. Barring a significant drop in June inflation, the next interest rate cut will likely be at the September meeting. That’s not good for the housing market, which has slowed to a crawl in recent months. The decline in mortgage rates proceeds as market forces drive down bond yields. Canada’s labour market is slowing as the jobless rate ticks up. Tiff Macklem said yesterday that he did not expect the unemployment rate to rise significantly further this cycle.

Interest rate cuts will be more gradual because rapid population growth has boosted economic activity, forestalling a recession and adding to inflationary pressure. The central bank’s overnight policy rate, now at 4.75%, will gradually move to 3.0% by the end of next year.

May was another sleepy month for housing

The Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) announced today that national home sales fell 0.6% in May, remaining slightly below the average of the past ten years. Actual (not seasonally adjusted) monthly activity was 5.9% below May 2023.

With the Bank of Canada rate cut on June 5, housing activity will likely perk up in the coming months. The central bank will likely reduce the overnight policy rate from 4.75% to 3.0% by the end of next year. While interest rates will remain above pre-pandemic levels, there is pent-up demand for housing, and activity will surely rise over the next year.

New Listings

The number of newly listed homes was up in May, though only by 0.5% monthly. Slower sales amid more new listings this year have increased the number of homes for sale across most Canadian housing markets.

As of the end of May 2024, about 175,000 properties were listed for sale on all Canadian MLS® Systems, up 28.4% from a year earlier but still below historical averages.

“The spring housing market usually starts before all the snow has melted, somewhere around the beginning of April, but this year I believe a lot of people were waiting for the Bank of Canada to wave the green flag,” said James Mabey, Chair of CREA. “That first rate cut is expected to bring some pent-up demand back into the market, and those buyers will find there are more homes to choose from right now than at any other point in almost five years.”

With sales down slightly and new listings up slightly in May, the national sales-to-new listings ratio eased to 52.6% compared to 53.3% in April. The long-term average for the national sales-to-new listings ratio is 55%. A sales-to-new listings ratio between 45% and 65% is generally consistent with balanced housing market conditions. There were 4.4 months of inventory on a national basis at the end of May 2024, up from 4.2 months at the end of April and, looking past the volatility at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest level for this measure since the fall of 2019. The long-term average is about five months of inventory.

Home Prices

The National Composite MLS® Home Price Index (HPI) dipped 0.2% from April to May.

Regionally, prices are generally sliding sideways across most of the country. The exceptions remain Calgary, Edmonton, and Saskatoon, where prices have steadily ticked higher since the beginning of last year.

The non-seasonally adjusted National Composite MLS® HPI stood 2.4% below May 2023. This mostly reflects the price surge that started last April and hasn’t been repeated in 2024.

Bottom Line

Housing activity will gradually accelerate over the next year as interest rates continue to fall. The Bank of Canada was the first major central bank to ease monetary policy. While there has been some concern regarding the impact on the Canadian dollar of repeated easing by the Bank with the US Federal Reserve on hold, the divergence may be smaller than expected. Recent US inflation data showed a meaningful improvement, suggesting the Fed could cut rates two times before the end of the year. Moreover, movements in the loonie have little near-term impact on inflation.

The Canadian economy is far more interest-sensitive than the US, and the relative underperformance of our economy is the largest since 1965. Further rate cuts by the Bank of Canada are warranted.

As interest rates are anticipated to decline, many homeowners are considering switching from a variable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate mortgage. This strategic move can lock in the next term and offer significant financial advantages.

**Stability in Payments**
A fixed-rate mortgage provides stability in your monthly payments. Unlike a variable-rate mortgage, where payments can fluctuate based on market interest rates, fixed-rate mortgages ensure consistent payments throughout the loan’s life. This predictability simplifies budgeting and protects you from potential interest rate hikes.

**Protection Against Interest Rate Increases**
One of the primary reasons to switch to a fixed-rate mortgage is to shield yourself from rising interest rates. As market rates increase, your fixed mortgage rate and monthly payments remain unaffected, offering financial security and peace of mind. This protection is crucial for homeowners looking to avoid unexpected increases in their monthly expenses.

**Long-Term Financial Planning**
Fixed-rate mortgages are ideal for long-term financial planning and stability. With consistent monthly payments, you can accurately forecast your housing expenses over the entire loan term. This predictability makes it easier to manage your overall budget and achieve your financial goals.

**Risk Management**
Locking in a fixed interest rate mitigates the risk of future interest rate hikes. With a variable-rate mortgage, your borrowing costs can significantly increase if rates rise. A fixed-rate mortgage eliminates this risk, providing financial protection and reducing uncertainty in your financial planning.

**Potential Savings**
In certain economic environments, fixed-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates compared to variable-rate mortgages. By refinancing to a fixed-rate loan when rates are favorable, you could potentially secure a lower overall interest rate and save money over the loan’s life.

**Easier Financial Planning**
Fixed-rate mortgages simplify financial planning by removing the need to anticipate and adapt to changes in interest rates. This stability allows you to confidently plan for other financial goals and expenditures without the uncertainty of fluctuating mortgage payments.

Overall, transitioning from a variable rate to a fixed rate mortgage offers stability, protection, and peace of mind, making it a favorable option for many homeowners, particularly those seeking long-term financial security.

For personalized advice on whether switching from a variable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate mortgage is the right move for you, contact me to review your options.

Understanding your options can lead to better financial decisions and a more secure future.

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A collective sigh of relief as the BoC cut rates for the first time in 27 months

Today, the Bank of Canada boosted consumer and business confidence by cutting the overnight rate by 25 bps to 4.75% and pledged to continue reducing the size of its balance sheet. The news came on the heels of weaker-than-expected GDP growth in the final quarter of last year and Q1 of this year, accompanied by CPI inflation easing further in April to 2.7%. “The Bank’s preferred measures of core inflation also slowed, and three-month measures suggest continued downward momentum. Indicators of the breadth of price increases across components of the CPI have moved down further and are near their historical average.”

With continued evidence that underlying inflation is easing, the Governing Council agreed that monetary policy no longer needs to be as restrictive. Recent data has increased our confidence that inflation will continue to move towards the 2% target. Nonetheless, risks to the inflation outlook remain. “Governing Council is closely watching the evolution of core inflation and remains particularly focused on the balance between demand and supply in the economy, inflation expectations, wage growth, and corporate pricing behaviour.”

As shown in the second chart below, the nominal overnight rate remains 215 basis points above the current median CPI inflation rate, which shows how restrictive monetary policy remains. The average of this measure of real (inflation-adjusted) interest rates in the past 30 years is just 60 bps. The overnight rate is headed for 3.0% by the end of next year.

Bottom Line

There are four more policy decision meetings before the end of this year. It wouldn’t surprise me to see at least three more quarter-point rate cuts this year. While the overnight rate is likely headed for 3.0%, it will remain well above the pre-COVID overnight rate of 1.75% as inflation trends towards 2%+ rather than the sub-2% average in the decade before COVID-19.

Please Note: The source of this article is from SherryCooper.com/category/articles/

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